R&D advance estimator: cash from your tax credit claim

Estimate the cash advance available against an R&D tax credit claim. Inputs: qualifying spend, scheme (RDEC vs SME merged), claim status (filed vs draft).

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Start here · What do you need?

An R&D advance bridges the cash gap between R&D spend and HMRC paying out the credit. This page estimates how much you can borrow against a claim, depending on qualifying spend, scheme (merged or ERIS), and whether the claim is filed or still draft. Worked examples at £100,000, £250,000 and £500,000 of qualifying R&D.

What this calculates

The estimator works in three steps:

Convert qualifying R&D spend into an estimated HMRC credit value, using the merged scheme rate or the ERIS rate where applicable.
Apply the lender advance percentage against that credit, which depends on whether the claim is filed or draft.
Net out the financing cost (interest plus arrangement fee) to show the cash you actually receive.

The advance percentages, rates, fees and bridge periods on this page are FundBiz's illustrative assumptions, not lender quotes or published market data. Actual quotes depend on the lender, the R&D consultancy preparing the claim, your trading history and any prior HMRC enquiry record.

The maths in plain English

Step 1: estimate the credit. Under the merged scheme, the net cash benefit is approximately 15% of qualifying spend for profit-makers and around 16.2% for loss-makers. Under ERIS (R&D-intensive loss-making SMEs), the rate is approximately 27%.

Step 2: apply the advance percentage. Filed claim with a clean prior-year history: 70% to 80% of estimated credit. Draft claim with R&D consultancy sign-off: 50% to 65%. Draft claim without specialist sign-off: many lenders won't lend.

Step 3: deduct cost. Interest at 1.0% to 2.5% per month over the expected bridge period (assumed at 4 to 9 months), plus a 1% to 3% arrangement fee.

The output is the net cash to your bank account on day one and the total to repay when HMRC pays out.

How it's calculated

Three steps turn qualifying R&D spend into day-one cash:

Credit = qualifying spend x the net rate: about 15% for profit-makers, 16.2% for loss-makers under the merged scheme, or 27% under ERIS.
Gross advance = estimated credit x the lender advance percentage: 70% to 80% on a filed claim, 50% to 65% on a draft claim with consultancy sign-off.
Net cash = gross advance minus interest minus arrangement fee, where interest = gross advance x monthly rate x bridge months (flat, not compounding) and arrangement fee = gross advance x fee %.

The lender is repaid the gross advance when HMRC pays out; the business keeps the holdback (credit minus gross advance) once the claim settles. On £100,000 of spend, filed: £15,000 credit, a 75% advance = £11,250, less £1,012 interest (1.5% x 6 months) and a £225 fee, nets £10,013.

Worked example 1: £100,000 qualifying spend, merged scheme, filed claim

Qualifying R&D spend: £100,000
Estimated HMRC credit at 15% net: £15,000
Lender advance percentage (filed claim): 75%
Gross advance: £11,250
Bridge period: 6 months (filed claim, processing in HMRC queue)
Interest at 1.5% per month flat on advance: £1,012
Arrangement fee at 2%: £225
Total cost of finance: £1,237
Net cash to business on day one: £10,013
Repay to lender from HMRC payment: £11,250
Surplus retained by business after repayment: £3,750 (the 25% holdback released by HMRC at payout)

The cash gain is £10,013 today against £15,000 in 6 months. The cost of accelerating the cash is £1,237, or about 11% of the £11,250 advance over the bridge period (about 22% a year on a simple basis, not an APR).

Worked example 2: £250,000 qualifying spend, merged scheme, draft claim

Qualifying R&D spend: £250,000
Estimated HMRC credit at 15% net: £37,500
Lender advance percentage (draft claim with R&D consultancy sign-off): 60%
Gross advance: £22,500
Bridge period: 9 months (allowing for filing + HMRC processing)
Interest at 2.0% per month flat on advance: £4,050
Arrangement fee at 2.5%: £563
Total cost of finance: £4,613
Net cash to business on day one: £17,887
Repay to lender from HMRC payment: £22,500
Surplus retained by business after repayment: £15,000 (the 40% holdback)

Draft-claim advances cost more (about 20.5% of the advance over 9 months, or about 27% a year on a simple basis) because the lender carries claim-validity risk on top of HMRC payment-timing risk. The trade-off is unlocking cash months earlier than waiting for filing and processing.

Worked example 3: £500,000 qualifying spend, ERIS, filed claim

Qualifying R&D spend: £500,000 (R&D-intensive loss-making SME, qualifies for ERIS)
Estimated HMRC credit at 27% net: £135,000
Lender advance percentage (filed claim, ERIS): 70%
Gross advance: £94,500
Bridge period: 6 months
Interest at 1.25% per month flat on advance: £7,087
Arrangement fee at 1.5%: £1,418
Total cost of finance: £8,505
Net cash to business on day one: £85,995
Repay to lender from HMRC payment: £94,500
Surplus retained by business after repayment: £40,500

Larger advances and ERIS-tier credits tend to attract better rates because the lender economics improve at scale. The combined cost on this example is about 9% of the advance over 6 months (around 18% a year on a simple basis), which compares well to most other unsecured working-capital options for an early-stage R&D-intensive business.

Edge cases

HMRC enquiry mid-bridge. If HMRC opens an enquiry after the advance is paid, repayment timing slips. Check what the agreement says about extensions and default terms if HMRC payment is delayed. A few lenders require an enquiry-protection insurance product as a condition of the advance.

Reduced credit on assessment. If HMRC accepts a smaller claim than expected, the advance is repaid in full from the reduced credit and any shortfall is owed by the business directly. Lenders therefore favour conservative claim estimates over aggressive ones.

Corporation tax offset. For profitable companies, HMRC offsets the credit against current corporation tax due rather than paying cash. Advance lenders work around this by taking assignment of the offset value, but the structure adds complexity and a small cost.

FAQs

What is an R&D advance?

A short-term loan secured against an expected R&D tax credit refund from HMRC. The lender advances a proportion of the estimated credit (this page assumes 50% to 80%), repays itself when HMRC pays out, and charges interest plus an arrangement fee. It bridges the gap between R&D spend and HMRC repayment.

What is the new merged R&D scheme?

For accounting periods starting on or after 1 April 2024, the SME scheme and the RDEC scheme were merged into a single scheme with a 20% above-the-line credit, taxed at the prevailing corporation tax rate. R&D-intensive loss-making SMEs (where qualifying R&D is at least 30% of total expenditure) can still claim under the enhanced ERIS regime at 86% uplift plus 14.5% credit.

How is the credit value calculated?

Under the merged scheme: 20% of qualifying expenditure as a gross credit, taxed at 25% corporation tax (or 19% small profits rate if applicable), giving a net cash benefit of around 15% for profit-makers and around 16.2% for loss-makers via the notional 19% rate. ERIS can yield close to 27% net for qualifying loss-makers.

What does an advance lender accept as evidence?

For a draft claim: technical narrative, schedule of qualifying costs, accountant or specialist sign-off, and prior-year claim history. For a filed claim: the CT600 with the R&D supplementary section and the same supporting documentation. A filed claim attracts a higher advance percentage and a lower rate because the underwriting risk is reduced.

What rate do R&D advance lenders charge?

Lenders set their own rates and fees. This page's examples assume 1.0% to 2.5% per month plus a 1% to 3% arrangement fee, which is FundBiz's illustrative assumption rather than published market data. Filed-claim advances usually cost less than draft-claim advances.

What about HMRC enquiry risk?

HMRC has stepped up compliance checks on R&D claims in recent years. Lenders price this risk into the advance percentage and the rate. Some require an enquiry-protection insurance product or hold back part of the advance until HMRC pays out without challenge.

Who qualifies for an R&D advance?

A UK limited company with a credible R&D claim (each lender sets its own minimum claim size), accounts filed at Companies House, no active HMRC enforcement action, and often a director's personal guarantee. Sole traders, partnerships and LLPs don't qualify, because only companies chargeable to UK Corporation Tax can claim R&D relief.

Can the advance be paid before the claim is even filed?

Yes. Some specialist lenders advance against a draft claim that has been signed off by an R&D consultancy or accountant, before the CT600 has been filed. The advance percentage is lower (this page assumes 50% to 65% of estimated credit) and the rate higher. Once the claim is filed and HMRC has acknowledged receipt, a top-up tranche can release the balance.

Want to talk it through with a broker?

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By Adam Parker. FundBiz is owned and operated by Best Business Loans Ltd, directed by Oliver Mackman. Last updated: 17 September 2026.